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Hybrid systems are
control-theoretic approach that combine both continuous time
dynamics and discrete event logic. Hybrid systems enable complexity
reduction through the continuous approximation of discrete variables and
successfully have modeled physical systems, robots, vehicle control, etc.
However, Hybrid systems are new to networking modeling, and we are the first
researchers who applying these to model communication networks. To characterize
network behavior, these models use averaging to continuously approximate
discrete variables, such as congestion window and queue size. Because averaging
occurs over short time intervals, one still models discrete events such as the
occurrence of a drop and the consequent reaction (e.g., congestion control).
The proposed hybrid systems modeling framework fills the gap between
packet-level and fluid-based models: by averaging discrete variables
over a very short time scale (on the order of a round-trip time).
Thus, hybrid systems are able to capture the dynamics of transient phenomena
fairly accurately. This provides significant flexibility in modeling
various congestion control mechanisms, different queueing policies,
multicast transmission, etc.
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